Core Modules
Doma Protocol provides a comprehensive suite of APIs and smart contracts that enable ICANN-accredited registrars and registries to tokenize domains on the blockchain while maintaining full DNS compliance. Every tokenized domain continues to function exactly like a traditional .com or .ai domain while gaining programmable functionality on-chain.
Registrar Modules
Registrar Modules are only available to ICANN accredited registrars that have gone through Doma Certification.
Tokenization Module
When a domain is tokenized, a Domain Ownership Token is minted on the blockchain selected by the registrant. Through signature verification, Doma ensures domains can only be tokenized by the hosting registrar, preventing unauthorized tokenizations.
Each domain is represented as an ERC-721 NFT on EVM-compatible chains. All NFTs across all registrars and TLDs belong to a unified collection, with metadata including registrar information, expiration date, and TLD embedded as token traits.
Compliance Module
Doma supports off-chain legal processes such as UDRP (Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy), ensuring consistent governance across both traditional and blockchain environments. Enforcement mechanisms include:
Transfer Lock: Prevents transfer of all associated tokens during active investigations
Forced Detokenization: Burns all domain tokens, returning control to registrar for mandated transfers
State Synchronization Module
The protocol implements bidirectional synchronization between on-chain assets and traditional DNS infrastructure:
Domain lifecycle events (transfers, renewals, expirations) sync across chains and registrar systems
DNS configuration changes propagate in real-time
Consistent domain metadata across Web2 and Web3 environments
Blockchain Modules
Bridging Module
Leveraging ERC-7786 for cross-chain interoperability, the Bridging Module enables Domain Ownership Tokens to move seamlessly across all supported L1 and L2 blockchains. Doma Chain maintains authoritative records, ensuring consistent states across networks.
Custodian Module
The Custodian Module integrates domain registration with blockchain tokenization while maintaining ICANN compliance. It provides Reseller APIs enabling non-ICANN accredited entities to register and tokenize domains. When Domain Ownership Tokens transfer on-chain, the module notifies registrars to maintain regulatory compliance (since wallets don't inherently provide ICANN-required registrant information). It also offers a unified interface that Registrars can opt into for listing availability and pricing. This enables developers to discover optimal pricing for their customers and expands the distribution of Registrar inventory through new DomainFi applications.
When a Domain Ownership Token is transferred on-chain, signifying a change in domain ownership, the Custodian Module manages the compliance process. Since blockchain wallets don't inherently provide the valid Registrant contact information required by ICANN, the Registrar is notified of these transfer events and temporarily moves the domain to a Doma Proxy Registrant. This proxy acts as an escrow holder until the new wallet owner completes the claim process. The Module verifies the wallet's ownership of the Domain Ownership Token and securely collects the required Registrant information through off-chain storage. Once this information is verified, it's forwarded to the Registrar, which then completes the final transfer from the Doma Proxy to the new Registrant.
Composer Module
The Composer Module transforms domains into programmable digital assets by enabling the decomposition of Domain Ownership Tokens into multiple Synthetic Tokens. Each System Token represents specific rights to the domain, creating granular control and new utility.
For example, a Domain Ownership Token can be divided into two distinct Synthetic Tokens:
A Synthetic Token granting exclusive rights to control the domain's DNS settings
A Synthetic Token retaining all other domain permissions and rights except NameServer management
When decomposition occurs, the Registrar receives notification of the change in permission structure. The original Registrant's access to the split permissions becomes restricted, and these permissions can only be exercised programmatically through Doma Record Contracts by the respective Synthetic Token holders.
This permission-based architecture enables developers to build innovative DomainFi applications that unlock the underlying value of domains through programmable smart contracts.
Fractionalization Module
Enables partial ownership of tokenized domains by converting them into fungible ERC-20 tokens. These tokens are OFT (Omnichain Fungible Token) compliant for cross-chain portability. The module manages token tranches, distribution, vesting schedules, and buyout mechanisms.
Registrar Integration Process
Registrars adopt Doma Protocol through a structured integration:
API Integration: Implement Doma's Registrar Toolkit to connect their existing domain management systems
Event Configuration: Configure domain events to synchronize on-chain (transfers, renewals, DNS changes)
Compliance Setup: Establish workflows for handling on-chain transfers and ICANN requirements
Capability Exposure: Optionally expose registrar-specific capabilities as programmable on-chain assets
Multi-Chain Access: Domains automatically become accessible across all supported blockchains
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